α-Carbonyl Radicals from N -Enoxybenzotriazoles: De Novo Synthesis of 9-Phenanthrols.

Visible-light-induced energy transfer to N -enoxybenzotriazoles in the presence of hydrogen atom donors or alcoholic solvents led to α-carbonyl radicals. The utility of the α-carbonyl radicals was demonstrated in intramolecular tandem cyclization and in the synthesis of 9-phenanthrols and their analogues. The mechanistic experiments suggested that quenching of the reactive benzotriazolyl radical by the alcohol was accompanied by the formation of an α-hydroxy radical that mediated hydrogen atom transfer or, itself, oxidized into aldehydes.