Evidence for causal effects of lifetime smoking on risk for depression and schizophrenia: a Mendelian randomisation study.
Robyn E WoottonRebecca C RichmondBobby G StuijfzandRebecca B LawnHannah M SallisGemma M J TaylorGibran HemaniHannah J JonesStanley ZammitGeorge Davey SmithMarcus R MunafòPublished in: Psychological medicine (2019)
These findings suggest that the association between smoking, schizophrenia and depression is due, at least in part, to a causal effect of smoking, providing further evidence for the detrimental consequences of smoking on mental health.