Nanomaterials Facilitating Conversion Efficiency Strategies for Microbial CO 2 Reduction.

Microbial electro- and photoelectrochemical CO 2 reduction represents an opportunity to tackle the environmental demand for sustainable fuel production. Nanomaterials critically impact the electricity- and solar-driven microbial CO 2 reduction processes. This minireview comprehensively summarizes the recent developments in the configuration and design of nanomaterials for enhancement of the bacterial adhesion and extracellular electron transfer (EET) processes, based on the modification technologies of improving chemical stability, electrochemical conductivity, biocompatibility, and surface area. Furthermore, the investigation of incorporating non-photosynthetic microorganisms using advanced light-harvesting nanostructured photoelectrodes for solar-to-chemical conversion, as well as the current understanding of EET mechanisms occurring at photosynthetic semiconductor nanomaterials-bacteria biohybrid interface is detailed. The crucial factors influencing the performance of microbial CO 2 reduction systems and future perspectives are discussed to provide guidance for the realization of their large-scale application.