Antifungal Effect and Inhibition of the Virulence Mechanism of D-Limonene against Candida parapsilosis .
Melyna Chaves Leite-AndradeLuiz Nascimento de Araújo NetoMaria Daniela Silva Buonafina-PazFranz Ag SantosAdryelle Idalina da Silva AlvesMaria Carolina Accioly Brelaz de CastroEdna MoriBruna Caroline Gonçalves Vasconcelos de LacerdaIsaac Moura AraújoHenrique Doouglas Melo CoutinhoGrażyna KowalskaRadosław KowalskiTomasz BajRejane Pereira NevesPublished in: Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) (2022)
Yeasts from the Candida parapsilosis complex are clinically relevant due to their high virulence and pathogenicity potential, such as adherence to epithelial cells and emission of filamentous structures, as well as their low susceptibility to antifungals. D-limonene, a natural compound, emerges as a promising alternative with previously described antibacterial, antiparasitic, and antifungal activity; however, its mechanisms of action and antivirulence activity against C. parapsilosis complex species have not been elucidated. Therefore, in the present study, we aimed to evaluate the antifungal and antivirulence action, as well as the mechanism of action of D-limonene against isolates from this complex. D-limonene exhibited relevant antifungal activity against C. parapsilosis complex yeasts, as well as excellent antivirulence activity by inhibiting yeast morphogenesis and adherence to the human epithelium. Furthermore, the apoptotic mechanism induced by this compound, which is not induced by oxidative stress, represents an important target for the development of new antifungal drugs.
Keyphrases
- candida albicans
- biofilm formation
- oxidative stress
- escherichia coli
- pseudomonas aeruginosa
- staphylococcus aureus
- saccharomyces cerevisiae
- endothelial cells
- antimicrobial resistance
- dna damage
- signaling pathway
- risk assessment
- metabolic syndrome
- type diabetes
- glycemic control
- anti inflammatory
- climate change
- cystic fibrosis
- cell wall