Adsorption Dynamics of Uremic Toxins to Novel Modified Magnetic Nanoparticles.

Kidney dysfunction leads to the retention of metabolites in the blood compartment, some of which reach toxic levels. Uremic toxins are associated with the progression of kidney disease and other symptoms of kidney failure (i.e., nausea, itchiness, and hypertension). Toxin removal ameliorates symptoms and reduces further organ damage, but membrane-based methods are inadequate for this purpose. Engineered adsorbents may facilitate enhanced removal of retained toxins, especially those bound strongly by proteins. We synthesized 2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl phosphorylcholine-co-β-cyclodextrin (p(MPC-co-PMβCD)) coated magnetic nanoparticles, characterized their physicochemical properties (FTIR, NMR, TGA, GPC, and TEM), and evaluated toxin adsorption from a complex solution for the first time to quantify the effects of film chemistry and incubation time on the adsorbed toxinome (the collection of toxins). Uremic toxins were bound by even "low-fouling" polymer films themselves; providing further insight into how small molecule interactions with "low-fouling" films may affect protein-surface interactions. Our results suggest a dynamic interaction between toxins and surfaces that is not driven by solution concentration alone. This knowledge will help advance the design of novel adsorbent films for clearing uremic toxins. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.