Challenges in cardiology: diagnosis of native and prosthetic valve endocarditis.
Eugenio PicanoManuele MuratoriPublished in: European heart journal supplements : journal of the European Society of Cardiology (2023)
New cardiovascular imaging technologies have strongly influenced the diagnosis of bacterial endocarditis [infective endocarditis (IE)]. The clinical presentation of IE is polymorphic, which explains the difficulty of diagnosis and the delay in treatment. Symptoms such as fever, chills, loss of appetite and weight, and embolic phenomena strongly support the diagnosis of endocarditis, but are not always present, particularly in elderly or immuno-compromised patients. Moreover, subtle symptoms in patients at high risk for the development of IE, such as those with prosthetic valves or intracardiac devices, patients with congenital heart disease, and drug addicts should lead to the suspicion that a diagnosis of IE is highly probable. In this review, we will focus on the diagnosis of complex IE in native valves and prosthetic valves.
Keyphrases
- end stage renal disease
- ejection fraction
- newly diagnosed
- chronic kidney disease
- prognostic factors
- aortic valve
- heart failure
- peritoneal dialysis
- emergency department
- weight loss
- high resolution
- left ventricular
- mass spectrometry
- patient reported outcomes
- mitral valve
- sleep quality
- patient reported
- transcatheter aortic valve implantation
- depressive symptoms
- middle aged
- photodynamic therapy
- coronary artery disease