Mechanistic Study on the Influence of Wax on Hydrate Formation Process.

To manage the interactions between wax and hydrate formation, a comprehensive understanding of the system's thermodynamics and flow characteristics is essential. Wax and hydrates coexist under low-temperature and high-pressure conditions, mutually influencing each other both thermodynamically and kinetically. This study focused on two main aspects: how wax affects the rate of hydrate formation in the oil-water system and how hydrate formation influences the thermodynamics of wax crystal precipitation. The presence of wax decreased the rate of hydrate formation, especially at higher wax contents. In systems with high wax content, over 70% of wax precipitated before hydrate formation, leading to less precipitation within the hydrate formation temperature range. With low water content, there were more nucleation sites for wax crystals in the oil phase, resulting in a greater difference in precipitation rates among different wax contents. For water content greater than 10%, the differences in precipitation rates were less significant, indicating a diminished effect of water content on wax crystal precipitation rates. Hydrates' hydrophilic nature had a limited impact on wax crystal nucleation and growth. Generally, wax crystals precipitate before hydrate formation, necessitating control measures for wax deposition during production processes.