Sex-based Differences in Heart Failure Biomarkers.
Ainhoa Robles-MezcuaNelsa González AguadoAntonia Pilar Martin de la RosaConcepción Cruzado-ÁlvarezClara Jiménez RubioAlejandro IPérez CabezaJuan José Gómez-DoblasManuel F Jiménez-NavarroMora Murri PierriJosé M García-PinillaPublished in: Current heart failure reports (2024)
The different biomarker profiles in women and men have been confirmed in recent studies: in women, markers of cardiac stretch and fibrosis (NP and galectin-3) are higher, whereas in men, higher levels of markers of cardiac injury and inflammation (cTn and sST2) are found. The use of new biomarkers, together with growing evidence that a multimarker approach can provide better risk stratification, raises the question of building models that incorporate sex-specific diagnostic criteria. More and more research are being devoted to understanding sex-related differences in HF. The aim of this review is to review the dynamics of HF biomarkers according to sex and in different situations, to learn whether these sex differences may affect their use in the diagnosis and follow-up of HF patients.
Keyphrases
- heart failure
- acute heart failure
- left ventricular
- polycystic ovary syndrome
- end stage renal disease
- ejection fraction
- chronic kidney disease
- newly diagnosed
- middle aged
- pregnancy outcomes
- oxidative stress
- prognostic factors
- type diabetes
- pregnant women
- cardiac resynchronization therapy
- patient reported outcomes
- metabolic syndrome