Successful Pregnancy and Delivery at Term Following Intravenous Immunoglobulin Therapy with Heparin for Unexplained Recurrent Pregnancy Loss Suspected of Immunological Abnormalities: A Case Report and Brief Literature Review.
Junichiro MitsuiKuniaki OtaYuko TakayanagiYurie NakoMakiko TajimaAtsushi FukuiKiyotaka KawaiPublished in: Journal of clinical medicine (2023)
About 60% of cases of recurrent pregnancy loss have unexplained etiology. Immunotherapy for unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss is still unestablished. A 36-year-old woman, not obese, had a stillbirth at 22 gestational weeks and a spontaneous abortion at 8 weeks. She had been examined for recurrent pregnancy loss at previous clinics with no significant findings. When she visited our clinic, a hematologic test showed a Th1/Th2 ratio imbalance. Ultrasonography, hysteroscopy, and semen analysis showed no abnormalities. She successfully conceived by embryo transfer in hormone replacement therapy cycle. However, she had a miscarriage at 19 weeks. The baby had no deformities, but a chromosomal test was not performed, according to the parents' will. The placenta pathologically suggested hemoperfusion problems. Her and her husband's chromosomal tests showed normal karyotypes. Other examinations revealed a repeated Th1/Th2 ratio imbalance and a high resistance index of uterine radial artery blood flow. She was administered low-dose aspirin, intravenous immunoglobulin, and unfractionated heparin after the second embryo was transferred. Her baby was healthily born by cesarean section at 40 weeks. Intravenous immunoglobulin therapy can be a choice for recurrent miscarriage without risk factors because it has clinically beneficial influences on the patient's immunological aberration.
Keyphrases
- gestational age
- preterm birth
- pregnancy outcomes
- low dose
- blood flow
- high dose
- replacement therapy
- birth weight
- risk factors
- primary care
- venous thromboembolism
- low birth weight
- pregnant women
- magnetic resonance imaging
- mental health
- preterm infants
- weight gain
- stem cells
- body mass index
- cardiovascular disease
- smoking cessation
- dna methylation
- copy number
- computed tomography
- mesenchymal stem cells
- bone marrow
- single cell
- acute coronary syndrome
- genome wide
- decision making
- antiplatelet therapy