Applying deep learning to iterative screening of medium-sized molecules for protein-protein interaction-targeted drug discovery.

We combined a library of medium-sized molecules with iterative screening using multiple machine learning algorithms that were ligand-based, which resulted in a large increase of the hit rate against a protein-protein interaction target. This was demonstrated by inhibition assays using a PPI target, Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Keap1/Nrf2), and a deep neural network model based on the first-round assay data showed a highest hit rate of 27.3%. Using the models, we identified novel active and non-flat compounds far from public datasets, expanding the chemical space.