Effect of flip-flops on lower limb kinematics during walking: a cross-sectional study using three-dimensional gait analysis.

Healthy adults adapted well to flip-flops. However, separation of the flip-flop from the foot led to increased knee flexion and ankle dorsiflexion in swing, probably to ensure that the flip-flop did not contact the ground and to maximise adherence to the foot. Minimum clearance of the flip-flop was low compared to barefoot clearance. This may increase the risk of tripping over uneven ground.