A nanoemulsion/micelles mixed nanosystem for the oral administration of hydrophobically modified insulin.
Irene SantalicesCarlos Vázquez-VázquezManuel J Santander-OrtegaVictoria LozanoFrancisca AraújoBruno SarmentoNeha ShresthaVeronique PréatMiguel ChenloClara V AlvarezFederico BenettiJuan CuñarroSulay TovarDolores TorresMaría José AlonsoPublished in: Drug delivery and translational research (2021)
The potential of nanoemulsions for the oral administration of peptides is still in its early stage. The aim of the present work was to rationally design, develop, and fully characterize a new nanoemulsion (NE) intended for the oral administration of hydrophobically modified insulin (HM-insulin). Specific components of the NE were selected based on their enhancing permeation properties as well as their ability to improve insulin association efficiency (Miglyol 812, sodium taurocholate), stability in the intestinal fluids, and mucodiffusion (PEGylated phospholipids and poloxamer 407). The results showed that the NE co-existed with a population of micelles, forming a mixed system that exhibited a 100% of HM-insulin association efficiency. The nanosystem showed good stability and miscibility in different bio-relevant media and displayed an acceptable mucodiffusive behavior in porcine mucus. In addition, it exhibited a high interaction with cell mono-cultures (Caco -2 and C2BBe1 human colon carcinoma Caco-2 clone cells) and co-cultures (C2BBe1 human colon carcinoma Caco-2 clone/HT29-MTX cells). The internalization in Caco-2 monolayers was also confirmed by confocal microscopy. Finally, the promising in vitro behavior of the nanosystem in terms of overcoming the biological barriers of the intestinal tract was translated into a moderate, although significant, hypoglycemic response (≈ 20-30%), following intestinal administration to both healthy and diabetic rat models. Overall, this information underlines the crucial steps to address when designing peptide-based nanoformulations to successfully overcome the intestinal barriers associated to the oral modality of administration.
Keyphrases
- type diabetes
- glycemic control
- early stage
- induced apoptosis
- endothelial cells
- drug delivery
- cell cycle arrest
- oxidative stress
- cancer therapy
- stem cells
- signaling pathway
- radiation therapy
- adipose tissue
- mesenchymal stem cells
- cell death
- lymph node
- metabolic syndrome
- social media
- bone marrow
- squamous cell carcinoma
- hyaluronic acid
- health information