Mitochondrial genomes of Macropsini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Eurymelinae): Structural features, codon usage patterns, and phylogenetic implications.

Macropsini is a tribe of Eurymelinae in the family Cicadellidae that is widely distributed worldwide. Still, its taxonomic status has been unstable, and the classification of certain clades at the genus level has been controversial. The aim of this study is to address the patterns and processes that explain the structure and the evolution of the mitogenomes of Macropsini, while contributing to the resolution of systematic issues involving five of their genera. To this task, the mitogenomes of 26 species of the tribe were sequenced and characterized, and their phylogenetic relationships were reconstructed. The results revealed that the nucleotide composition of mitochondrial genes in these 26 species was significantly skewed toward A and T. Codons ending with T or A in relative synonymous codon usage were significantly more prevalent than those ending with C or G. The parity plot, neutrality plot, and correspondence analysis revealed that mutation and selective pressure affect codon usage patterns. In the phylogenetic relationships of the Macropsini, the monophyly of Pedionis and Macropsis was well-supported. Meanwhile, Oncopsis revealed paraphyletic regarding Pediopsoides . In conclusion, this research not only contributes the valuable data to the understanding of the mitogenome of the Macropsini but also provides a reference for future investigations on codon usage patterns, potential adaptive evolution, and the phylogeny of the mitogenome within the subfamily Eurymelinae.