Maternal Cigarette Smoking and Cleft Lip and Palate: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Matthew J FellKyle DackShaheel ChummunJonathan R Sandy Yvonne WrenSarah Lewis

Published in: The Cleft palate-craniofacial journal : official publication of the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association (2021)

This review reports a moderate association between maternal smoking and orofacial cleft but the overall quality of the conventional observational studies included was poor. There is a need for high quality and novel research strategies to further define the role of smoking in the etiology of cleft lip and palate.

Keyphrases

birth weight
smoking cessation
pregnancy outcomes
high intensity
pregnant women
weight gain
gestational age
quality improvement