Polymeric Conductive Adhesive based Ultrathin Epidermal Electrodes for Long-term Monitoring of Electrophysiological Signals.

Electrophysiology, exploring vital electrical phenomena in living organisms, anticipates broader integration into daily life through wearable devices. However, addressing the challenges of electrode durability and motion artifacts is essential to enable continuous and long-term biopotential signal monitoring, presenting a hurdle for its seamless implementation in daily life. To address these challenges, we present an ultrathin poly(3,4- ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrenesulfonate)/polyvinyl alcohol/d-sorbitol (PPd) electrode with enhanced adhesion, stretchability, and skin conformability. It was designed according to the theoretical criteria for skin-conformal electrodes based on the mechanical analysis of epidermal electronics. Thus, we obtained impedance stability over 1-week of daily life, and the PPd electrode addresses the challenges related to durability during prolonged usage. Proving stability in electromyography (EMG) signals during high-intensity exercise, our wireless PPd measurement system exhibits high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) signals even in situations involving significant and repetitive skin deformation. Throughout continuous 1 week-long electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring in daily life, the system consistently preserves signal quality, underscoring the heightened durability and applicability of the PPd measurement system. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.