Dynamic Equilibrium at the HCOOH-Saturated TiO 2 (110)-Water Interface.

Carboxylic acids bind to titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) dissociatively, forming surface superstructures that give rise to a (2 × 1) pattern detected by low-energy electron diffraction. Exposing this system to water, however, leads to a loss of the highly ordered surface structure. The formate-covered surface was investigated by a combination of diffraction and spectroscopy techniques, together with static and dynamic ab initio simulations, with the conclusion that a dynamic equilibrium exists between adsorbed formic acid and water molecules. This equilibrium process is an important factor for obtaining a better understanding of controlling the self-cleaning properties of TiO 2 , because the formic acid monolayer is responsible for the amphiphilic character of the surface.