Epigenetic Regulation in Etiology of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus.
Marie CernaPublished in: International journal of molecular sciences (2019)
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is caused by an autoimmune destruction of the pancreatic β-cells, a process in which autoreactive T cells play a pivotal role, and it is characterized by islet autoantibodies. Consequent hyperglycemia is requiring lifelong insulin replacement therapy. T1DM is caused by the interaction of multiple environmental and genetic factors. The integrations of environments and genes occur via epigenetic regulations of the genome, which allow adaptation of organism to changing life conditions by alternation of gene expression. T1DM has increased several-fold over the past half century. Such a short time indicates involvement of environment factors and excludes genetic changes. This review summarizes the most current knowledge of epigenetic changes in that process leading to autoimmune diabetes mellitus.
Keyphrases
- glycemic control
- genome wide
- dna methylation
- gene expression
- replacement therapy
- type diabetes
- multiple sclerosis
- induced apoptosis
- copy number
- smoking cessation
- weight loss
- healthcare
- cell cycle arrest
- systemic lupus erythematosus
- insulin resistance
- metabolic syndrome
- cell death
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- signaling pathway
- adipose tissue