Early-life formula feeding is associated with infant gut microbiota alterations and an increased antibiotic resistance load.

The novel finding that formula exposure is correlated with a higher neonatal ARG burden lays the foundation that clinicians should consider feeding mode in addition to antibiotic use during the first months of life to minimize the proliferation of antibiotic-resistant gut bacteria in infants.Clinical trial registry number: The Institutional Review Board of Pennsylvania State University https://irb.upenn.edu/, USA (IRB #35925) approved the study.