Sunscreen Effect Exerted by Secondary Carotenoids and Mycosporine-like Amino Acids in the Aeroterrestrial Chlorophyte Coelastrella rubescens under High Light and UV-A Irradiation.
Anna KublanovskayaKonstantin ChekanovPetr ZaytsevDaria BakharevaOlga GorelovaDmitry KochkinElena LobakovaPublished in: Plants (Basel, Switzerland) (2021)
The microalga Coelastrella rubescens dwells in habitats with excessive solar irradiation; consequently, it must accumulate diverse compounds to protect itself. We characterized the array of photoprotective compounds in C. rubescens . Toward this goal, we exposed the cells to high fluxes of visible light and UV-A and analyzed the ability of hydrophilic and hydrophobic extracts from the cells to absorb radiation. Potential light-screening compounds were profiled by thin layer chromatography and UPLC-MS. Coelastrella accumulated diverse carotenoids that absorbed visible light in the blue-green part of the spectrum and mycosporine-like amino acids (MAA) that absorbed the UV-A. It is the first report on the occurrence of MAA in Coelastrella . Two new MAA, named coelastrin A and coelastrin B, were identified. Transmission electron microscopy revealed the development of hydrophobic subcompartments under the high light and UV-A exposition. We also evaluate and discuss sporopollenin-like compounds in the cell wall and autophagy-like processes as the possible reason for the decrease in sunlight absorption by cells, in addition to inducible sunscreen accumulation. The results suggested that C. rubescens NAMSU R1 accumulates a broad range of valuable photoprotective compounds in response to UV-A and visible light irradiation, which indicates this strain as a potential producer for biotechnology.
Keyphrases
- visible light
- induced apoptosis
- cell cycle arrest
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- amino acid
- mass spectrometry
- cell death
- oxidative stress
- cell wall
- signaling pathway
- radiation induced
- electron microscopy
- liquid chromatography
- ionic liquid
- cell proliferation
- weight gain
- weight loss
- high throughput
- climate change
- high speed
- skin cancer