Immediate postnatal prediction of death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia among very preterm and very low birth weight infants based on gradient boosting decision trees algorithm: A nationwide database study in Japan.

GBDT models for predicting BPD and mortality, designed for use within 6 h postpartum, demonstrated superior prognostic performance. SHAP value-based clustering, a data-driven approach, formed clusters of clinical relevance. These findings suggest the efficacy of a GBDT algorithm for the early postnatal prediction of BPD.