Telencephalon-specific Alkbh1 conditional knockout mice display hippocampal atrophy and impaired learning.

AlkB homolog 1 (ALKBH1) is responsible for the biogenesis of 5-formylcytidine (f5 C) on mitochondrial tRNAMet and essential for mitochondrial protein synthesis. The brain, especially the hippocampus, is highly susceptible to mitochondrial dysfunction; hence, the maintenance of mitochondrial activity is strongly required to prevent disorders associated with hippocampal malfunction. To study the role of ALKBH1 in the hippocampus, we generated dorsal telencephalon-specific Alkbh1 conditional knockout (cKO) mice in inbred C57BL/6 background. These mice showed reduced activity of the respiratory chain complex, hippocampal atrophy, and CA1 pyramidal neuron abnormalities. Furthermore, performances in the fear-conditioning and Morris water maze tests in cKO mice indicated that the hippocampal abnormalities led to impaired hippocampus-dependent learning. These findings indicate critical roles of ALKBH1 in the hippocampus.