Novel Design Techniques for the Fermat Spiral in Antenna Arrays, for Maximum SLL Reduction.

This paper presents novel design techniques for the Fermat spiral, considering a maximum side lobe level (SLL) reduction. The array system based on a Fermat spiral configuration considers techniques based on uniform and non-uniform amplitude excitation. The cases of uniform amplitude excitation are the golden angle and the optimization of the angular separations. The cases of non-uniform amplitude excitations consider a raised cosine distribution and the optimization of the amplitude excitations through the Fermat spiral array. In this study, the method of genetic algorithms (GA) was used in the cases to find the values of the angular separations and the amplitude excitations of the Fermat spiral array. A performance evaluation was conducted for all these design cases, considering the Fermat spiral geometry. These design cases were validated using electromagnetic simulation to take mutual coupling into account and consider the effect of the antenna element pattern in each proposed design case.