Association of HIV exposure and HIV infection with in-hospital mortality among hospitalised infants <1 year of age, South Africa, 2016-2018.

We enrolled 1323 hospitalised infants aged <1 year in 2016-2018, and examined the association between HIV status and in-hospital mortality. After controlling for confounders, HIV exposed uninfected infants did not have an increased risk of mortality, whereas infants living with HIV had four-times greater risk compared to HIV uninfected infants.