A Library of Thiazolidin-4-one Derivatives as Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) Inhibitors: An Attempt To Discover Novel Antidiabetic Agents.

Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) is an important target for the treatment of diabetes. A series of thiazolidin-4-one derivatives 8-22 was designed, synthesized and investigated as PTP1B inhibitors. The new molecules inhibited PTP1B with IC50 values in the micromolar range. 5-(Furan-2-ylmethylene)-2-(4-nitrophenylimino)thiazolidin-4-one (17) exhibited potency with a competitive type of enzyme inhibition. structure-activity relationship studies revealed various structural facets important for the potency of these analogues. The findings revealed a requirement for a nitro group-including hydrophobic heteroaryl ring for PTP1B inhibition. Molecular docking studies afforded good correlation with experimental results. H-bonding and π-π interactions were responsible for optimal binding and effective stabilization of virtual protein-ligand complexes. Furthermore, in-silico pharmacokinetic properties of test compounds predicted their drug-like characteristics for potential oral use as antidiabetic agents.Additionally, a binding site model demonstrating crucial pharmacophoric characteristics influencing potency and binding affinity of inhibitors has been proposed, which can be employed in the design of future potential PTP1B inhibitors.