Patients with paradoxical low-flow low-gradient aortic stenosis pose a diagnostic challenge when it comes to assessing the severity of aortic stenosis (AS) noninvasively. We describe 2 patients who underwent exercise cardiac catheterization to augment their cardiac output and assess the severity of AS invasively to allow differentiation of true severe AS from pseudo-severe AS.
Keyphrases
- aortic stenosis
- ejection fraction
- left ventricular
- transcatheter aortic valve replacement
- aortic valve replacement
- transcatheter aortic valve implantation
- aortic valve
- coronary artery disease
- early onset
- high intensity
- heart failure
- end stage renal disease
- chronic kidney disease
- drug induced
- prognostic factors
- ultrasound guided
- patient reported outcomes
- atrial fibrillation
- body composition