The safety and efficacy of improvised tourniquets in life-threatening hemorrhage: a systematic review.
Maarten Philip CornelissenAnne BrandwijkLinda J SchoonmadeGeorgios GiannakopoulosStefan E Van OostendorpLeo GeeraedtsPublished in: European journal of trauma and emergency surgery : official publication of the European Trauma Society (2019)
The use of- and training in I-TQ by civilian immediate responders is not recommended because of limited efficacy and safety concerns; direct pressure is a viable alternative. However, I-TQs may save lives when applied correctly with proper objects; therefore, future studies regarding the best design and training in application of effective and safe I-TQs should be encouraged.