Neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus is associated with a distinct type and shape of cerebral white matter hyperintensities.

We demonstrated that patients with NPSLE showed a higher periventricular/confluent WMH volume and more complex shape of WMH compared with non-NPSLE patients. This finding was particularly significant in inflammatory NPLSE patients, suggesting different or more severe underlying pathophysiological abnormalities.