Multienzyme-like Nanozymes: Regulation, Rational Design, and Application.

Nanomaterials with more than one enzyme-like activity are termed multi-enzymic nanozymes, which have received increasing attention in recent years and hold huge potential to be applied in diverse fields, especially for biosensing and therapeutics. Compared to single enzyme-like nanozymes, multi-enzymic nanozymes offer various unique advantages, including synergistic effects, cascaded reactions, and environmentally-responsive selectivity. Nevertheless, along with these merits, the catalytic mechanism and rational design of multi-enzymic nanozymes are more complicated and elusive as compared to single-enzymic nanozymes. In this review, we systematically discussed the multi-enzymic nanozymes classification scheme based on the numbers/types of activities, the internal and external factors regulating the multi-enzymatic activities, the rational design based on chemical, biomimetic, and computer-aided strategies, and recent progress in applications attributed to the advantages of multi-catalytic activities. Finally, current challenges and future perspectives regarding the development and application of multi-enzymatic nanozymes are suggested. This review aims to deepen the understanding and inspire the research in multi-enzymic nanozymes to a greater extent. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.