Automated Quantitative Pupillometry in the Critically Ill: A Systematic Review of the Literature.

The pupillary light reflex is susceptible to factors resulting from underlying comorbid conditions and effects of treatment regimens. Scenarios frequently encountered in critical care such as pain, use of opioids, and proof of increased intracranial pressure have potential confounding effects on outcome and pupillary reflexes. When treatment is guided by pupillary metrics, such confounders put patients at risk of overtreatment or undertreatment. Future research should validate and identify additional confounders, because our review suggests that even more unexplored confounders may exist.