[Anesthesia and bodybuilding].
Frank HokemaUta-Carolin PietschDagmar FuhrerUdo KaisersPublished in: Anasthesiologie, Intensivmedizin, Notfallmedizin, Schmerztherapie : AINS (2008)
A strong tendency toward body enhancement and body forming in western industrial societies makes it more likely for each anesthesiologist to get involved in the care of bodybuilders. These patients quite frequently consume androgenic anabolic steroids, human growth hormone and other drugs or substances which are believed to accelerate muscle gain. Cardiovascular, hepatic, psychiatric, hormonal and infectious side effects or complications are common and rarely monitored by health care professionals. The anesthesia risk is not exactly known but seems to be determined mainly by cardiovascular events like myocardial ischemia and dysrhythmias.
Keyphrases
- cardiovascular events
- healthcare
- growth hormone
- end stage renal disease
- coronary artery disease
- endothelial cells
- ejection fraction
- newly diagnosed
- cardiovascular disease
- chronic kidney disease
- palliative care
- prognostic factors
- skeletal muscle
- peritoneal dialysis
- quality improvement
- left ventricular
- risk factors
- heart failure
- heavy metals
- drinking water
- south africa
- patient reported outcomes
- polycystic ovary syndrome
- adipose tissue