Extending pretrained segmentation networks with additional anatomical structures.

With the presented method, new anatomical structures can be learned while retaining performance for older structures, without a major increase in complexity and memory footprint, hence suitable for lifelong class-incremental learning. By leveraging information from older examples, a fraction of annotations can be sufficient for incrementally building comprehensive segmentation models. With our meta-method, a deep segmentation network is extended with only a minor addition per structure, thus can be applicable also for future network architectures.