Distinct dampening effects of progesterone on the activity of nucleus tractus solitarii neurons in rat pups.

Progesterone is known to stimulate breathing, but its actions on the respiratory control system have received limited attention. We addressed this issue at the cellular level by testing the hypothesis that progesterone augments excitatory currents at the level of the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS). Medullary slices from juvenile male rats (14-17 days of age) containing the commissural region of the NTS (NTScom) were incubated with progesterone (1 μm) or vehicle (0.004% DMSO) for 60 min. We performed whole-cell voltage-clamp recordings of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) in the NTScom and determined membrane properties by applying depolarizing current steps. In comparison to vehicle-treated cells, progesterone exposure attenuates the firing frequency response to current injection and reduces the EPSC amplitude without modifying the EPSC frequency or the basal membrane properties. These data do not support our hypothesis, because they indicate that incubation with progesterone attenuates intrinsic action potential generation and inhibits excitatory synaptic inputs in the NTS. Given that these results are more in line with the protective effect of progesterone against excitotoxicity resulting from various insults, we propose that progesterone acts via inhibition of ionic flux.