Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Cardiovascular Significance; Current Evidence and Novel Insights.
Anastasios TentolourisIoannis Ntanasis-StathopoulosMaria GavriatopoulouIoanna AndreadouEvangelos TerposPublished in: Journal of cardiovascular development and disease (2023)
Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) is a premalignant condition characterized by the presence of low levels of a monoclonal protein in the serum and a low percentage of clonal plasma cells in the bone marrow. MGUS may progress to multiple myeloma or other plasma cell disorders at a rate of 1% annually. However, MGUS may also have adverse effects on the cardiovascular system independent of its malignant potential. Emerging data have shown that MGUS is associated with cardiovascular disease. The mechanisms underlying this association are not fully understood but may involve genetic abnormalities, vascular calcification, cryoglobulinemia, cold agglutinin disease, autoantibodies and the direct or indirect effects of the monoclonal protein on the vascular endothelium. Herein, we review current evidence in this field and we suggest that patients with MGUS may benefit from regular cardiovascular risk assessment to prevent severe cardiovascular complications, in parallel with close hematological follow-up to monitor potential disease progression.
Keyphrases
- multiple myeloma
- cardiovascular disease
- bone marrow
- risk assessment
- human health
- induced apoptosis
- systemic lupus erythematosus
- mesenchymal stem cells
- risk factors
- chronic kidney disease
- nitric oxide
- single cell
- early onset
- emergency department
- heavy metals
- electronic health record
- machine learning
- cell therapy
- cell cycle arrest
- artificial intelligence
- data analysis
- adverse drug
- cardiovascular risk factors
- pi k akt