Molecular Catalysts for the Reductive Homocoupling of CO 2 towards C 2+ Compounds.

The conversion of CO 2 into multicarbon (C 2+ ) compounds by reductive homocoupling offers the possibility to transform renewable energy into chemical energy carriers and thereby create "carbon-neutral" fuels or other valuable products. Most available studies have employed heterogeneous metallic catalysts, but the use of molecular catalysts is still underexplored. However, several studies have already demonstrated the great potential of the molecular approach, namely, the possibility to gain a deep mechanistic understanding and a more precise control of the product selectivity. This Minireview summarizes recent progress in both the thermo- and electrochemical reductive homocoupling of CO 2 toward C 2+ products mediated by molecular catalysts. In addition, reductive CO homocoupling is discussed as a model for the further conversion of intermediates obtained from CO 2 reduction, which may serve as a source of inspiration for developing novel molecular catalysts in the future.