Mimics of Autoimmune Encephalitis: Validation of the 2016 Clinical Autoimmune Encephalitis Criteria.
Robin W Van SteenhovenJuna M de VriesArlette L BruijstensManuela PaunovicMariska M NagtzaamSuzanne C FrankenAnna E BastiaansenMarienke A De BruijnAgnes Van SonderenMarco W J SchreursMayke GardeniersRobert M VerdijkRutger K BalversPeter A Sillevis SmittRinze Frederik NeuteboomMaarten J TitulaerPublished in: Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation (2023)
AE mimics occur frequently. Common pitfalls in AE misdiagnosis are mesiotemporal lesions (predominantly with atypical features) and false-positive serum antibodies. As expected, the specificity of the criteria for possible AE is low because these criteria represent the minimal requirements for entry in the diagnostic algorithm for AE. Criteria for probable AE (-LGI1, -NMDAR, seronegative) and definite autoimmune LE are applicable for decisions on immunotherapy in early disease stage, as specificity is high.