Effect of kinematics on the torque/force generation, surface characteristics, and shaping ability of a nickel-titanium rotary glide path instrument: An ex vivo study.

Under laboratory conditions using the ProGlider instrument, OGP generated significantly less clockwise torque and greater upward force than the other rotatory motions. OGP generated fewer superficial defects than CR, and the three modes of reciprocal rotation better maintained the apical curvature of root canals than CR with the ProGlider instrument.