Underdiagnosis of internal anal sphincter trauma following vaginal delivery.
Bobby D O'LearyL KellyM FitzpatrickD P KeanePublished in: Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology : the official journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology (2023)
One in 11 women diagnosed with a Grade-3a or -3b tear have evidence of damage to their IAS on endoanal ultrasound. Damage to this muscle is linked to fecal incontinence in women and can have a significant impact on the planning of any future deliveries. This study highlights the importance of established perineal clinics with access to ultrasound. Nonetheless, if reduced sphincter tone is felt on rectal examination, a clinician should have a high index of suspicion for an occult IAS injury. © 2022 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Keyphrases
- magnetic resonance imaging
- polycystic ovary syndrome
- oxidative stress
- contrast enhanced ultrasound
- ultrasound guided
- skeletal muscle
- primary care
- urinary incontinence
- pregnancy outcomes
- type diabetes
- computed tomography
- metabolic syndrome
- insulin resistance
- adipose tissue
- high grade
- cervical cancer screening
- breast cancer risk