Glutaminase 1 regulates the release of extracellular vesicles during neuroinflammation through key metabolic intermediate alpha-ketoglutarate.

These findings suggest that GLS1-mediated glutaminolysis and its downstream production of α-ketoglutarate are essential in regulating EV release during HIV-1 infection and immune activation. These new mechanistic regulations may help understand how glutamine metabolism shapes EV biogenesis and release during neuroinflammation.