Non-obstructive intracellular nanolasers.
Alasdair H FikourasMarcel SchubertMarkus KarlJothi D KumarSimon J PowisAndrea Di FalcoMalte C GatherPublished in: Nature communications (2018)
Molecular dyes, plasmonic nanoparticles and colloidal quantum dots are widely used in biomedical optics. Their operation is usually governed by spontaneous processes, which results in broad spectral features and limited signal-to-noise ratio, thus restricting opportunities for spectral multiplexing and sensing. Lasers provide the ultimate spectral definition and background suppression, and their integration with cells has recently been demonstrated. However, laser size and threshold remain problematic. Here, we report on the design, high-throughput fabrication and intracellular integration of semiconductor nanodisk lasers. By exploiting the large optical gain and high refractive index of GaInP/AlGaInP quantum wells, we obtain lasers with volumes 1000-fold smaller than the eukaryotic nucleus (Vlaser < 0.1 µm3), lasing thresholds 500-fold below the pulse energies typically used in two-photon microscopy (Eth ≈ 0.13 pJ), and excellent spectral stability (<50 pm wavelength shift). Multiplexed labeling with these lasers allows cell-tracking through micro-pores, thus providing a powerful tool to study cell migration and cancer invasion.
Keyphrases
- optical coherence tomography
- cell migration
- high throughput
- single cell
- single molecule
- quantum dots
- dual energy
- high speed
- induced apoptosis
- high resolution
- air pollution
- blood pressure
- molecular dynamics
- papillary thyroid
- particulate matter
- energy transfer
- cell cycle arrest
- squamous cell carcinoma
- heavy metals
- stem cells
- density functional theory
- computed tomography
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- cell therapy
- risk assessment
- cell death
- oxidative stress
- mesenchymal stem cells
- magnetic resonance
- lymph node metastasis
- bone marrow
- low cost
- pi k akt