Cardiac device therapy provides not only treatment options for bradyarrhythmia but also advanced treatment for heart failure and preventive measures against sudden cardiac death. In heart failure treatment it enables synergistic reverse remodelling and reduces pharmacological side effects. Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) has revolutionized the treatment of reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and left bundle branch block by decreasing the mortality and morbidity with improvement of the quality of life and resilience. Conduction system pacing (CSP) as an alternative method of physiological stimulation can improve heart function and reduce the risk of pacemaker-induced cardiomyopathy. Leadless pacers and subcutaneous/extravascular defibrillators offer less invasive options with lower complication rates. The prevention of infections through preoperative and postoperative strategies enhances the safety of these therapies.
Keyphrases
- cardiac resynchronization therapy
- heart failure
- left ventricular
- ejection fraction
- aortic stenosis
- stem cells
- cardiovascular disease
- acute myocardial infarction
- bone marrow
- acute coronary syndrome
- coronary artery disease
- drug delivery
- oxidative stress
- hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
- mesenchymal stem cells
- depressive symptoms
- pulmonary embolism
- endothelial cells
- percutaneous coronary intervention
- diabetic rats
- high glucose