Neuroinflammation and Parkinson's Disease-From Neurodegeneration to Therapeutic Opportunities.
Bruna AraújoRita Caridade-SilvaCarla GuedesJoana MacedoEduardo D GomesSusana MonteiroFábio Gabriel TeixeiraPublished in: Cells (2022)
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder worldwide. Clinically, it is characterized by a progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons (DAn), resulting in severe motor complications. Preclinical and clinical studies have indicated that neuroinflammation can play a role in PD pathophysiology, being associated with its onset and progression. Nevertheless, several key points concerning the neuroinflammatory process in PD remain to be answered. Bearing this in mind, in the present review, we cover the impact of neuroinflammation on PD by exploring the role of inflammatory cells (i.e., microglia and astrocytes) and the interconnections between the brain and the peripheral system. Furthermore, we discuss both the innate and adaptive immune responses regarding PD pathology and explore the gut-brain axis communication and its influence on the progression of the disease.
Keyphrases
- immune response
- cerebral ischemia
- traumatic brain injury
- lipopolysaccharide induced
- lps induced
- cognitive impairment
- inflammatory response
- induced apoptosis
- white matter
- resting state
- oxidative stress
- stem cells
- spinal cord
- functional connectivity
- risk factors
- cell proliferation
- mesenchymal stem cells
- neuropathic pain
- cell therapy
- pi k akt
- chemotherapy induced