Diabetes Mellitus and Pneumococcal Pneumonia.
Catian CillonizAntoní TorresPublished in: Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) (2024)
Currently, there are more than 500 million people suffering from diabetes around the world. People aged 65 years or older are the most affected by this disease, and it is estimated that approximately 96% of diabetes cases worldwide are type 2 diabetes. People with diabetes mellitus are at an increased risk of infections such as pneumonia, due to a series of factors that may contribute to immune dysfunction, including hyperglycemia, inhibition of neutrophil chemotaxis, impaired cytokine production, phagocytic cell dysfunction, altered T cell-mediated immune responses and the co-existence of chronic comorbidities. Rates of infection, hospitalization and mortality in diabetic patients are reported to be higher than in the general population. Research into the risk of infectious diseases such as pneumonia in these patients is very important because it will help improve their management and treatment.
Keyphrases
- type diabetes
- glycemic control
- infectious diseases
- cardiovascular disease
- immune response
- end stage renal disease
- newly diagnosed
- chronic kidney disease
- ejection fraction
- oxidative stress
- prognostic factors
- insulin resistance
- stem cells
- community acquired pneumonia
- peritoneal dialysis
- physical activity
- cardiovascular events
- risk factors
- cell therapy
- respiratory failure
- adipose tissue
- metabolic syndrome
- toll like receptor
- dendritic cells
- weight loss
- middle aged
- intensive care unit
- mesenchymal stem cells
- combination therapy
- acute respiratory distress syndrome
- skeletal muscle
- bone marrow
- extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
- community dwelling
- mechanical ventilation