Highly efficient Bi-promoted ZrO 2 -based materials for non-oxidative propane dehydrogenation.

Surface or bulk promotion of ZrO 2 -based catalysts with Bi 2 O 3 facilitates the removal of lattice oxygen from ZrO 2 under reductive conditions resulting in the formation of coordinatively unsaturated Zr cations. The catalysts demonstrated an industrially relevant propene yield at 600 °C. The results highlight the importance of the usage of suitable promoters for controlling catalyst performance.