Combining Materials Obtained by 3D-Printing and Electrospinning from Commercial Polylactide Filament to Produce Biocompatible Composites.
Pablo Romero-ArayaVictor PinoAriel NenenVerena CárdenasFrancisca PavicicPamela EhrenfeldGuillaume SerandourJudit G LisoniIgnacio Moreno-VillosladaMario E FloresPublished in: Polymers (2021)
The design of scaffolds to reach similar three-dimensional structures mimicking the natural and fibrous environment of some cells is a challenge for tissue engineering, and 3D-printing and electrospinning highlights from other techniques in the production of scaffolds. The former is a well-known additive manufacturing technique devoted to the production of custom-made structures with mechanical properties similar to tissues and bones found in the human body, but lacks the resolution to produce small and interconnected structures. The latter is a well-studied technique to produce materials possessing a fibrillar structure, having the advantage of producing materials with tuned composition compared with a 3D-print. Taking the advantage that commercial 3D-printers work with polylactide (PLA) based filaments, a biocompatible and biodegradable polymer, in this work we produce PLA-based composites by blending materials obtained by 3D-printing and electrospinning. Porous PLA fibers have been obtained by the electrospinning of recovered PLA from 3D-printer filaments, tuning the mechanical properties by blending PLA with small amounts of polyethylene glycol and hydroxyapatite. A composite has been obtained by blending two layers of 3D-printed pieces with a central mat of PLA fibers. The composite presented a reduced storage modulus as compared with a single 3D-print piece and possessing similar mechanical properties to bone tissues. Furthermore, the biocompatibility of the composites is assessed by a simulated body fluid assay and by culturing composites with 3T3 fibroblasts. We observed that all these composites induce the growing and attaching of fibroblast over the surface of a 3D-printed layer and in the fibrous layer, showing the potential of commercial 3D-printers and filaments to produce scaffolds to be used in bone tissue engineering.
Keyphrases
- tissue engineering
- reduced graphene oxide
- high resolution
- gene expression
- induced apoptosis
- endothelial cells
- aqueous solution
- bone mineral density
- drug delivery
- gold nanoparticles
- ionic liquid
- risk assessment
- soft tissue
- cell cycle arrest
- drug release
- signaling pathway
- oxidative stress
- mass spectrometry
- bone loss
- postmenopausal women
- human health
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- single cell
- pi k akt