Visual function in Norwegian children aged 5-13 years with prenatal exposure to opioid maintenance therapy: A case-control study.

School-age children exposed to methadone or buprenorphine in utero had a higher prevalence of strabismus and nystagmus, and a lower visual acuity and accommodation amplitude. Buprenorphine exposure was associated with more favourable results than methadone exposure on most visual outcome measures and should be the preferred substance in OMT.