HIV-1 Tat-induced diarrhea is improved by the PPARalpha agonist, palmitoylethanolamide, by suppressing the activation of enteric glia.

EGCs mediate HIV-1 Tat-induced diarrhea by sustaining the intestinal neuroinflammatory response. These effects are regulated by PEA through a selective PPARα-dependent mechanism. PEA might be considered as an adjuvant therapy in HIV-1-induced diarrhea.