Risk of Metabolic Syndrome in Kidney Stone Formers: A Comparative Cohort Study with a Median Follow-Up of 19 Years.

Kidney stone formers are at increased risk of developing metabolic syndrome. Given the pathophysiological mechanism, the stone is likely a 'symptom' of an underlying metabolic abnormality, whether covert or overt. This has implications the risk of further stone events and cardiovascular disease.