Small-Molecule Fluorescent Probes for Binding- and Activity-Based Sensing of Redox-Active Biological Metals.
Karandeep GroverAlla A KoblovaAidan T PezackiChristopher J ChangElizabeth J NewPublished in: Chemical reviews (2024)
Although transition metals constitute less than 0.1% of the total mass within a human body, they have a substantial impact on fundamental biological processes across all kingdoms of life. Indeed, these nutrients play crucial roles in the physiological functions of enzymes, with the redox properties of many of these metals being essential to their activity. At the same time, imbalances in transition metal pools can be detrimental to health. Modern analytical techniques are helping to illuminate the workings of metal homeostasis at a molecular and atomic level, their spatial localization in real time, and the implications of metal dysregulation in disease pathogenesis. Fluorescence microscopy has proven to be one of the most promising non-invasive methods for studying metal pools in biological samples. The accuracy and sensitivity of bioimaging experiments are predominantly determined by the fluorescent metal-responsive sensor, highlighting the importance of rational probe design for such measurements. This review covers activity- and binding-based fluorescent metal sensors that have been applied to cellular studies. We focus on the essential redox-active metals: iron, copper, manganese, cobalt, chromium, and nickel. We aim to encourage further targeted efforts in developing innovative approaches to understanding the biological chemistry of redox-active metals.
Keyphrases
- living cells
- human health
- quantum dots
- small molecule
- single molecule
- health risk assessment
- health risk
- fluorescent probe
- risk assessment
- heavy metals
- healthcare
- transition metal
- endothelial cells
- label free
- climate change
- mental health
- high resolution
- cancer therapy
- high throughput
- drinking water
- oxide nanoparticles
- optical coherence tomography
- drug delivery
- binding protein
- carbon nanotubes
- african american