Effects of microbiota-directed foods in gnotobiotic animals and undernourished children.
Jeanette L GehrigSiddarth VenkateshHao-Wei ChangMatthew C HibberdVanderlene L KungJiye ChengRobert Yuzen ChenSathish SubramanianCarrie A CowardinMartin F MeierDavid O'DonnellMichael TalcottLarry D SpearsClay F SemenkovichBernard HenrissatRichard J GiannoneRobert L HettichOlga IlkayevaMichael MuehlbauerChristopher B NewgardChristopher SawyerRichard D HeadDmitry A RodionovAleksandr A ArzamasovSemen A LeynAndrei L OstermanMd Iqbal HossainMunirul IslamNuzhat ChoudhuryShafiqul Alam SarkerSayeeda HuqImteaz MahmudIshita MostafaMustafa MahfuzMichael J BarrattTahmeed AhmedJeffrey I GordonPublished in: Science (New York, N.Y.) (2020)
To examine the contributions of impaired gut microbial community development to childhood undernutrition, we combined metabolomic and proteomic analyses of plasma samples with metagenomic analyses of fecal samples to characterize the biological state of Bangladeshi children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) as they transitioned, after standard treatment, to moderate acute malnutrition (MAM) with persistent microbiota immaturity. Host and microbial effects of microbiota-directed complementary food (MDCF) prototypes targeting weaning-phase bacterial taxa underrepresented in SAM and MAM microbiota were characterized in gnotobiotic mice and gnotobiotic piglets colonized with age- and growth-discriminatory bacteria. A randomized, double-blind controlled feeding study identified a lead MDCF that changes the abundances of targeted bacteria and increases plasma biomarkers and mediators of growth, bone formation, neurodevelopment, and immune function in children with MAM.