Medicinal Properties of Anchusa strigosa and Its Active Compounds.

Anchusa strigosa is a widespread weed in Greece, Syria, Turkey, Lebanon, Israel, Jordan, and Iran. The purpose of this study was to identify the phytochemicals of Anchusa strigose and estimate the pro-wound healing (pro-WH) and antimicrobial activities of its active compounds. An identification of volatile compounds was performed by GC/MS analysis; HPLC, LC-ESI-MS, and MALDI-TOF-MS were also applied. Our results demonstrate that two specific combinations of compounds from A. strigosa extract significantly enhanced WH ( p < 0.001). Several flavonoids of the plant extract, including quercetin 3- O -rutinoside, kaempferol, kaempferol 3- O -β-rhamnopyranosyl(1→6)-β-glucopyranoside, and kaempferol 3- O -α-rhamnopyranosyl(1→6)-β-galactopyranoside, were effective against drug-resistant microorganisms. In addition, all the above-mentioned compounds had antibiofilm activity against Escherichia coli and Salmonella enteritidis .